Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
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| Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Company |
The Company
Polar Power, Inc. was incorporated in the State of Washington as Polar Products, Inc. and in 1991 reincorporated in the State of California under the name Polar Power, Inc. In December 2016, Polar Power, Inc. reincorporated in the State of Delaware (the “Company”). The Company designs, manufactures and sells direct current, or DC, power systems to supply reliable and low-cost energy to off-grid, bad-grid and backup power applications. The Company’s products integrate DC generator and proprietary automated controls, lithium batteries and solar systems to provide low operating cost and lower emissions alternative power needs in telecommunications, defense, automotive and industrial markets. |
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| Basis of Presentation of Unaudited Financial Information |
Basis of Presentation of Unaudited Financial Information
The unaudited condensed financial statements of the Company for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Regulation S-K for scaled disclosures for smaller reporting companies. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. However, such information reflects all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments), which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations. Results shown for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be obtained for a full fiscal year. The balance sheet information as of December 31, 2018 was derived from the audited financial statements included in the Company’s financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on April 1, 2019. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with that report. |
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| Estimates |
Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Material estimates relate to the assumptions made in determining reserves for uncollectible receivables, inventory reserves and returns, impairment analysis of long-term assets and deferred tax assets, income tax accruals, accruals for potential liabilities and assumptions made in valuing the fair market value of equity transactions. Actual results may differ from those estimates. |
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| Revenue Recognition |
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), (ASC 606). The underlying principle of ASC 606 is to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at the amount expected to be collected. ASC 606 creates a five-step model that requires entities to exercise judgment when considering the terms of contract(s), which includes (1) identifying the contract(s) or agreement(s) with a customer, (2) identifying our performance obligations in the contract or agreement, (3) determining the transaction price, (4) allocating the transaction price to the separate performance obligations, and (5) recognizing revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied. Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when performance obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which occurs for us upon shipment or delivery of products or services to our customers based on written sales terms, which is also when control is transferred. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring the products or services to a customer.
We determine whether delivery has occurred based on when title transfers and the risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the customer, which usually occurs when we place the product with the customer’s carrier or deliver the product to a customer’s location. We regularly review our customers’ financial positions to ensure that collectability is reasonably assured. Except for warranties, we have no post- sales obligations.
Disaggregation of Net Sales
The following table shows the Company’s disaggregated net sales by product type:
The following table shows the Company’s disaggregated net sales by customer type:
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| Accounts Receivable |
Accounts Receivable
Trade receivables are recorded at net realizable value consisting of the carrying amount less an allowance for uncollectible accounts, as needed. The Company uses the allowance method to account for uncollectible trade receivable balances. Under the allowance method, if needed, an estimate of uncollectible customer balances is made based upon specific account balances that are considered uncollectible. Factors used to establish an allowance include the credit quality and payment history of the customer. The Company did not deem it necessary to provide an allowance for doubtful accounts as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. |
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| Inventories |
Inventories
Inventories consist of raw materials and finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined principally on a first-in-first-out average cost basis. Inventory quantities on hand are reviewed regularly and write-downs for obsolete inventory are recorded based on an estimated forecast of the inventory item demand in the near future. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company has established inventory reserves of $330,000 for obsolete and slow-moving inventory. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the components of inventories were as follows:
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| Leases |
Leases
Prior to January 1, 2019, the Company accounted for leases under ASC 840, Accounting for Leases. Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the guidance of ASC 842, Leases, which requires an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for virtually all leases. The Company adopted ASC 842 using a modified retrospective approach. As a result, the comparative financial information has not been updated and the required disclosures prior to the date of adoption have not been updated and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2019 resulted in the recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases of $2,847,495. There was no cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit. See Note 9 for further information regarding the adoption of ASC 842. |
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| Product Warranties |
Product Warranties
The Company provides limited warranties for parts and labor at no cost to its customers within a specified time period after the sale. The warranty terms are typically from one to five years. Provisions for estimated expenses related to product warranties are made at the time products are sold. These estimates are established using historical information about the nature, frequency and average cost of warranty claim settlements as well as product manufacturing and recovery from suppliers. Management actively studies trends of warranty claims and takes action to improve product quality and minimize warranty costs. The Company estimates the actual historical warranty claims coupled with an analysis of unfulfilled claims to record a liability for specific warranty purposes. The Company’s product warranty obligations are included in other accrued liabilities in the balance sheets. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had accrued a liability for warranty reserve of $175,000 and $175,000, respectively. Management believes that the warranty accrual is appropriate; however, actual claims incurred could differ from original estimates, requiring adjustments to the accrual. The product warranty accrual is included in current liabilities in the accompanying balance sheets.
The following is a tabular reconciliation of the product warranty liability, excluding the deferred revenue related to the Company’s warranty coverage:
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| Income Taxes |
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility is uncertain. As of June 30, 2019, the Company has sufficient net operating loss carryforwards to offset any taxable income during the period.
Tax benefits from an uncertain tax position are recognized only if it more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. |
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| Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value |
Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
The Company uses various inputs in determining the fair value of its investments and measures these assets on a recurring basis. Financial assets recorded at fair value in the balance sheets are categorized by the level of objectivity associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value.
Authoritative guidance provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) defines the following levels directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs to fair valuation of these financial assets:
The carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities, such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable, approximate their fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments. The carrying values of the line of credit, notes payable approximate their fair values due to the fact that the interest rates on these obligations are based on prevailing market interest rates. |
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| Segments |
Segments
The Company operates in one segment for the manufacture and distribution of its products. In accordance with the “Segment Reporting” Topic of the ASC, the Company’s chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer and President, who reviews operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Company. Existing guidance, which is based on a management approach to segment reporting, establishes requirements to report selected segment information quarterly and to report annually entity-wide disclosures about products and services, major customers, and the countries in which the entity holds material assets and reports revenue. All material operating units qualify for aggregation under “Segment Reporting” due to their similar customer base and similarities in: economic characteristics; nature of products and services; and procurement, manufacturing and distribution processes. Since the Company operates in one segment, all financial information required by “Segment Reporting” can be found in the accompanying financial statements. |
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| Concentrations |
Concentrations
Cash. The Company maintains cash balances at five banks, with the majority held at one bank located in the U.S. At times, the amount on deposit exceeds the federally insured limits. Management believes that the financial institutions that hold the Company’s cash are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists.
Cash denominated in Australian Dollars with a U.S. Dollar equivalent of $35,437 and $152,254 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, was held in an account at a financial institution located in Australia. Cash denominated in Romanian Leu with a U.S. Dollar equivalent of $21,801 and $9,368 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, was held in an account at a financial institution located in Romania
Revenues. For the three months ended June 30, 2019, 64% and 21% of revenues were generated from the Company’s two largest customers, which are Tier-1 telecommunications wireless carriers. For the same period in 2018, 76% and 11% of revenues were generated from the Company’s two largest customers, both Tier-1 telecommunication wireless carriers. For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, sales to telecommunications customers accounted for 98% and 91% of total revenues, respectively.
For the six months ended June 30, 2019, sales to the Company’s two largest customers, which are Tier-1 telecommunications wireless carriers, accounted for 62% and 24% of total revenues, respectively. For the same period in 2018, the Company’s two largest customers, which are Tier-1 telecommunications wireless carriers, accounted for 71% and 18% of total revenues, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, sales to telecommunications customers accounted for 96% and 92% of total revenues, respectively.
Accounts receivable. At June 30, 2019, 41% and 41% of the Company’s accounts receivable were from the Company’s two largest customers. At December 31, 2018, 45% and 42% of the Company’s accounts receivable were from the Company’s two largest customers.
Accounts payable. At June 30, 2019, accounts payable to the Company’s largest vendor represented 40% while the other two largest vendors represented 13% and 9%, respectively. At December 31, 2018, accounts payable to the Company’s largest vendor represented 71% while the other two largest vendors represented 3% each.
Purchases. The Company has established relationships with third party engine suppliers and other key suppliers from which the Company sources components for its power systems. The Company is substantially dependent on two key engine suppliers, Yanmar Engines Company and Perkins Engines. Purchases from Yanmar represented 42% and 20% of the Company’s total cost of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and 40% and 23% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Purchases from Perkins Engines represented 14% and 2% of the Company’s total cost of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and 16% and 2% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. |
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| Net Income (Loss) Per Share |
Net Income (Loss) Per Share
Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all dilutive potential common shares had been issued using the treasury stock method. Potential common shares are excluded from the computation when their effect is antidilutive. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is reflected in diluted net income per share if the exercise prices were lower than the average fair market value of common shares during the reporting period.
The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the shares used to calculate diluted earnings per share as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive:
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| Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The Company’s management does not believe that there are any recently issued, but not yet effective, authoritative guidance, if currently adopted, would have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures. |
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