ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) |
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| Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Company |
The Company
Polar Power, Inc. was incorporated in the State of Washington as Polar Products, Inc. and in 1991 reincorporated in the State of California under the name Polar Power, Inc. In December 2016, Polar Power, Inc. reincorporated in the State of Delaware (the “Company”). The Company designs, manufactures and sells direct current, or DC, power systems to supply reliable and low-cost energy to off-grid, bad-grid and backup power, electric vehicle (EV) charging, and nano-grid applications. The Company’s products integrate DC generator, proprietary electronic control systems, lithium batteries and solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies to provide low operating cost and emissions for telecommunications, defense, automotive, nano-grid, EV charging and industrial markets.
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| Going concern, liquidity and recent events |
Going concern, liquidity and recent events
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared under the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205-40, Going Concern, the Company’s management has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the accompanying financial statements were issued. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded a net loss of $9,133 and used cash in operating activities of $1,061. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date that the financial statements are issued. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.
The Company manufactures and assembles its DC power systems at two production facilities located in Gardena, California. It is currently delinquent in rent payments to its landlords for office and warehouse facilities. The landlord for its headquarters and manufacturing facility at 249 E. Gardena Blvd., Gardena, California filed a summons for eviction on October 24, 2025. On February 23, 2026, the landlord stopped the actions for eviction and continued discussions with the Company to resolve the delinquent rents and expired lease agreement. The Company expects to be in the position to make significant payment towards the delinquent rents in the near term and/or provide a payment plan mutually agreeable to both parties. The landlord for the other facility for which the Company is delinquent on rent, has not served the Company any legal documents or assessed late fees for the delinquent rent. However, they may do so in the future. The Company is also negotiating with this landlord on a payment plan for the delinquent rent. While the Company is negotiating with both landlords in good faith on payment plans, there is no guarantee that it and the landlords could reach an agreement on a payment plan, or that even if they reached an agreement, they could raise sufficient capital to pay the delinquent rent. It is possible that we will be forced to vacate from any or all facilities, and if that happens, we might have difficulty locating a new headquarters, or new manufacturing or warehouse facilities that are adequate, in a timely manner. Our production could be significantly delayed, access to our inventory could be impaired, and our operations could halt for a significant period of time.
Effective September 30, 2020, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement with Pinnacle which will expire on September 30, 2026. The Loan Agreement, as amended, provides for a revolving credit facility under which Pinnacle may, in its sole discretion upon the Company’s request, make advances to us up to $7,500, subject to certain limitations and adjustments. The Loan Agreement contains certain affirmative and negative covenants. At December 31, 2025, the Company was not in compliance with the affirmative covenant requiring the Company to attain a minimum Effective Tangible Net Worth greater than $6,000, as the Company attained an Effective Tangible Net Worth of approximately $755 after recording an inventory write-down of $1,967 to adjust the book value of its inventory to its net realizable value, and $455 impairment of right-of-use asset and deposits. On March 10, 2026, the Company and Pinnacle executed a Notice of Additional Defaults and Forbearance Agreement, in which Pinnacle agrees to forbear from exercising certain rights and remedies under the Loan Documents arising from the Specified Existing Defaults for the period commencing March 10, 2026, the Effective Date, to July 31, 2026, the Forbearance Termination Date, considering the Company 1) on or prior to the Effective Date, pays Pinnacle the amount of $250, 2) on or prior to the Effective Date, assigns to Pinnacle new Eligible Accounts in the aggregate amount of at least $185, with 85% of the Net Face Amount of such new Eligible Accounts to be applied to reduce the loan obligations, 3) within forty-five (45) days of the Effective Date, reduce the loan obligations by the aggregate amount of $225, which reduction can result from a cash payment or the assignment of sufficient new Eligible Accounts, with 85% of the Net Face Amount of such new Eligible Accounts to be applied towards such reduction amount, 4) does not create any new events of default, 5) pays in full all obligations to Pinnacle by the Termination Date. If the Company timely complies with all terms listed above by the Forbearance Termination Date, Pinnacle agrees that it will re-commence making advances to the Company in the amount equal to 42.5% of the Net Face Amount of the thereafter arising Eligible Accounts, with the remaining 42.5% of the Net Face Amount of such Eligible Accounts to be applied to reduce the then outstanding obligations. In March 2026, the Company paid $250 to Pinnacle Bank and timely complied with the requirements under the Forbearance Agreement and commenced taking advances at 42.5% of the Net Face Amount of Eligible Accounts on March 12, 2026. While the Company expects to stay in compliance and pay the full obligation to Pinnacle by July 31, 2026, there is no guarantee that the Company will be able to do so. If the Company is unable to comply with the Loan Agreement, or pay the full obligation to Pinnacle by the July 31, 2026, Pinnacle may immediately enforce its claims, rights, liens, and security interests under the Forbearance Agreement, and the Loan Documents, including, but not limited to, taking possession of its collateral, or any portion thereof, and foreclosing upon its collateral, or any portion thereof, in accordance with the Loan Documents and applicable law.
On October 6, 2025, the Company entered into an ATM sales agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with ThinkEquity LLC (the “Sales Agent”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time (the “ATM Offering”) through the Sales Agent, shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $ per share (the “Common Stock”), up to a maximum amount as set forth in the Sales Agreement, subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement. The Company filed a prospectus supplement to its registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-276705) offering the Shares up to an aggregate offering price of up to $2,382.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company has sold shares of Common Stock in the ATM Offering at a weighted-average price of $ per share, for net proceeds of $757, after deducting commissions to the sales agent and other ATM Offering related expenses of $23. During 2026 and as of April 15, 2026, the Company has sold shares of Common Stock in the ATM Offering at a weighted-average price of $ per share, for net proceeds of $2,425, after deducting commissions to the sales agent and other ATM Offering related expenses of $75.
On December 23 2025, the Company entered into a business loan and security agreement (the “WWCM Loan Agreement”) with World Wide Capital Management (“WWCM”), pursuant to which the Company borrowed net proceeds of $399, after deducting fees as outlined in the WWCM Loan Agreement.
Furthermore, the Company’s ability to secure other financing is uncertain. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to obtain additional financing, grow and diversify our revenue, improve operational efficiency, reduce overhead and fixed costs, and to create a profitable operation. Its ability to obtain additional financing in the debt and equity capital markets is subject to several factors, including market and economic conditions, its performance and investor sentiment with respect to the Company and its industry. The Company has taken action to diversify sales to consume existing inventory, increase higher margin aftermarket parts revenue, to fund operations. In the event that the Company does not generate sufficient cash flows from operations and is unable to obtain funding, the Company will be forced to delay, reduce, or eliminate some or all of its discretionary spending, which could adversely affect the Company’s business prospects, ability to meet long-term liquidity needs or ability to continue operations.
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| Reverse stock split |
Reverse stock split
On November 18, 2024, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of Delaware to effect a 1:7 reverse stock split of the shares of the Company’s common stock either issued and outstanding or held by the Company as treasury stock. The amendment was authorized by the Company’s stockholders on November 11, 2024, and was effective on November 18, 2024. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the reverse stock split, with all fractional shares being rounded up to the next whole share. All share and per share amounts and information presented herein have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split for all periods presented.
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| Inflation |
Inflation
The continuing impact of higher inflation, the actions by the Federal Reserve to address inflation, most notably sustained increases in interest rates, and rising energy prices create uncertainty about the future economic environment which will continue to evolve and, we believe, has impacted the Company’s business in 2025 and may continue to impact its business in 2026. The implications of higher government deficits and debt, tighter monetary policy, and potentially higher long-term interest rates may drive a higher cost of capital for the business and an increase in the Company’s operating expenses.
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| Estimates |
Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Material estimates relate to the assumptions made in determining estimates for credit loss reserves for accounts receivable, assumptions used in valuing inventories at net realizable value, impairment testing of recorded long-term assets, accruals for warranty reserves, accruals for potential liabilities, assumptions made in valuing stock instruments issued for services, and assumptions used in the determination of the Company’s liquidity. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
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| Revenue Recognition |
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). The underlying principle of ASC 606 is to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at the amount expected to be collected. ASC 606 creates a five-step model that requires entities to exercise judgment when considering the terms of contract(s), which includes (1) identifying the contract(s) or agreement(s) with a customer, (2) identifying the Company’s performance obligations in the contract or agreement, (3) determining the transaction price, (4) allocating the transaction price to the separate performance obligations, and (5) recognizing revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied.
Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is derived from product sales. Product revenue is recognized when performance obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which occurs for the Company upon shipment or delivery of products or services to its customers based on written sales terms, which is also when control is transferred. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring the products or services to a customer. The Company determines whether delivery has occurred based on when title transfers and the risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the customer, which usually occurs when the Company places the product with the customer’s carrier or delivers the product to a customer’s location. The Company regularly reviews its customers’ financial positions to ensure that collectability is reasonably assured.
The Company also recognizes revenues from engineering services, technical support, and sale of accessories that support the Company’s direct current, or DC, power systems. Revenue is recognized when transfer of control to the customer has been made and the Company’s performance obligation has been fulfilled. The Company’s revenue from engineering services, technical support services, and product accessories are clearly defined in each transaction with its customers and have not been significant to date.
The Company also recognizes revenues from the rental of equipment. The Company’s rental revenues have not been significant to date and have accounted for less than one percent of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company’s rental contracts are fixed price contracts for fixed durations of time and include freight and delivery charges and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the rental period.
Disaggregation of Net Sales
The following table shows the Company’s disaggregated net sales by product type (in thousands):
The following table shows the Company’s disaggregated net sales by customer type (in thousands):
The following tables shows the Company’s net sales by the respective geographical regions of our customers (in thousands):
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, international sales totaled $415 and $1,862, respectively.
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| Product Warranties |
Product Warranties
The Company provides limited warranties for parts and labor at no cost to its customers within a specified time period after the sale. The Company’s standard warranty on new products is two years from the date of delivery to the customer. The Company offers a limited extended warranty of up to five years on its certified DC power systems based on application and usage. The Company’s warranties are of an assurance-type and come standard with all Company products to cover repair or replacement should the product not perform as expected. Provisions for estimated expenses related to product warranties are made at the time products are sold. These estimates are established using historical information about the nature, frequency and average cost of warranty claim settlements as well as product manufacturing and recovery from suppliers. Management actively studies trends of warranty claims and takes action to improve product quality and minimize warranty costs. The Company estimates the actual historical warranty claims coupled with an analysis of unfulfilled claims to record a liability for specific warranty purposes, which are included in accrued liabilities and other current liabilities in the accompanying balance sheets. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had accrued a liability for warranty reserve of $600 and $600, respectively, which are included in other accrued liabilities in the accompanying balance sheets. Management believes that the warranty accrual is appropriate; however, actual claims incurred could differ from original estimates, requiring adjustments to the accrual.
The following is a tabular reconciliation of the product warranty liability, excluding the deferred revenue related to the Company’s warranty coverage (in thousands):
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| Shipping Costs |
Shipping Costs
Amounts billed to a customer in a sales transaction related to shipping and handling are reported as revenue. Costs incurred by the Company for shipping and handling are considered fulfillment costs and reported as cost of sales.
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| Cash and cash equivalents |
Cash and cash equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash primarily consists of bank demand deposits maintained by a major financial institution. The Company’s policy is to maintain its cash balances with financial institutions with high credit ratings and in accounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”). The Company may periodically have cash balances in financial institutions in excess of the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000 per account per institution. The Company has not experienced any losses to date resulting from this policy.
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| Accounts Receivable |
Accounts Receivable
Trade receivables are recorded at their estimated collectible amounts consisting of the carrying amount less an allowance for credit losses, as needed. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for balances that appear to have specific collection issues and estimates an allowance for expected credit losses. Factors used to establish an allowance include the credit quality and payment history of the customer. The Company did not deem it necessary to provide an allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.
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| Inventories |
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. The Company records adjustments to its inventory based on an estimated forecast of the inventory demand, taking into consideration, among others, inventory turnover, inventory quantities on hand, unfilled customer order quantities, forecasted demand, current prices, competitive pricing, and trends and performance of similar products. If the estimated net realizable value is determined to be less than the recorded cost of the inventory, the difference is recognized as a loss in the period in which it occurs. Once inventory has been written down, it creates a new cost basis for inventory that may not be subsequently written up. The Company recorded a write down of inventory of $1,967 for the year ended December 31, 2025, and recorded a write down of inventory of $900 for the year ended December 31, 2024.
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):
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| Property and Equipment |
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Additions, improvements, and major renewals or replacements that substantially extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. Repairs and maintenance expenditures are expensed as incurred. Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life. Estimated useful lives of the principal classes of assets are as follows:
Management regularly reviews property, equipment and other long-lived assets for possible impairment. This review occurs annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Based upon management’s annual assessment, there were no indicators of impairment of the Company’s property and equipment and other long-lived assets as of December 31, 2025, or December 31, 2024.
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| Leases |
Leases
The Company accounts for its leases in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. The Company determines whether a contract is, or contains, a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Generally, the implicit rate of interest in arrangements is not readily determinable and the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical collateralized borrowing rate based on its understanding of what its credit rating would be.
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| Share-Based Compensation |
The Company periodically issues share-based compensation to officers, directors, and consultants for services rendered. Such issuances vest and expire according to terms established at the issuance date.
Stock-based payments to employees, directors, and for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees, which include grants of employee stock options, are recognized in the financial statements based on their grant date fair values in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. Stock option grants to employees, which are generally time vested, are measured at the grant date fair value and depending on the conditions associated with the vesting of the award, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line or graded basis over the vesting period. Recognition of compensation expense for non-employees is in the same period and manner as if the Company had paid cash for the services. The fair value of stock options granted is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which uses certain assumptions related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility, expected life, and future dividends. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model could materially affect compensation expense recorded in future periods.
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| Income Taxes |
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility is uncertain.
Tax benefits from an uncertain tax position are recognized only if it more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.
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| Research and Development Costs |
Research and Development Costs
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of salaries and other expenses relating to the design, development, and testing of the Company’s products. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, research and development expenditures totaled $646 and $771, respectively.
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| Net Loss Per Share |
Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if all dilutive potential shares of common stock had been issued using the treasury stock method. Potential shares of common stock are excluded from the computation when their effect is antidilutive. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is reflected in diluted net income per share if the exercise prices were lower than the average fair market value of shares of common stock during the reporting period.
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, options to purchase shares and shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock were excluded from the shares used to calculate diluted earnings per share as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.
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| Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value |
Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
The Company uses various inputs in determining the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities. Financial assets recorded at fair value in the balance sheets are categorized by the level of objectivity associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value.
Authoritative guidance provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) defines the following levels directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs to fair valuation of these financial assets:
The carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities, such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximate their fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments. The carrying values of notes and loans payable approximate their fair values due to the fact that the interest rates on these obligations are based on prevailing market interest rates.
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| Segments |
Segments
Under ASC 280, Segment Reporting, operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise where discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s operating segment consists of one component, and the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is also the CODM, makes decisions and manages the Company’s operations as a single operating segment.
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| Concentrations |
Concentrations
Revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2025, 65% of our revenue was generated from the Company’s largest customer, being a Tier-1 telecommunications customer in the U.S. In 2024, 48% and 14%, respectively, of our revenue was generated from the Company’s two largest customers, one being a Tier-1 telecommunications customer in the U.S. and one being a telecommunications customer in Puerto Rico. In 2025 and 2024, sales to telecommunications customers accounted for 88% and 88% of total revenue, respectively. In 2025 and 2024, sales to international customers accounted for 7% and 13% of total revenue, respectively.
Accounts receivable. At December 31, 2025, the Company’s two largest receivable accounts represented 59% and 18% of the Company’s total accounts receivable, respectively. At December 31, 2024, the Company’s largest receivable account represented 82% of the Company’s total accounts receivable. There was no other customer that accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable as of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Accounts payable. On December 31, 2025, the three largest accounts payable accounts to the Company’s vendors represented 21%, 7%, and 7%, respectively. On December 31, 2024, the three largest accounts payable accounts to the Company’s vendors represented 18%, 13%, and 8%, respectively.
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| Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses which includes amendments that require disclosure in the notes to financial statements of specified information about certain costs and expenses, including purchases of inventory; employee compensation; and depreciation, amortization and depletion expenses for each caption on the income statement where such expenses are included. The amendments are effective for the Company’s annual periods beginning January 1, 2027, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is in the process of evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company’s disclosures.
The Company’s management has evaluated all other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards and guidance that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies through the filing date of these financial statements and does not believe the future adoption of any such pronouncements will have a material effect on the Company’s financial position and results of operations. |
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